Track and trace

This document shows you how to use ISA-95 and Rhize to create a generic, reusable model for any track-and-trace use case. As long as you properly map and ingest the source data, the provided queries here should work for any operation with minimal modification.

Rhize can model events and resources at a high degree of granularity, and its ISA-95 schema creates built-in relationships between these entities. So it makes an ideal backend to build detailed track-and-trace reports with a high degree of detail and context. In a single query, you can use Rhize to identify answers to questions such as:

What material, equipment, and personnel were involved in this job? And what was their function in performance?
When and where did this job happen? How long did it run for?
Why was this work performed? That is, what is the order that initiated the work?
What are the results of quality testing for this work?

📝 The focus here is modeling and querying. For a high-level overview of how track-and-trace data may enter the Rhize data hub, read the guide to Electronic batch records.

Quick query

If you just want to build out a GraphQL query for your reporting, use these templates to get started.

If you know the IDs for the relevant job response, job order, and test results, you can structure each group as a top-level object. If you want to input only one ID, you can also use nested fields on a response, order, or test specification to pull all necessary information. The Rhize DB stores relationships, so the values are identical—only the structure of the response changes.


query trackAndTrace {
  performance: getJobResponse(id: "<JOB_ID>") {
   # duration, actuals, and so on
  }
  planning: getJobOrder(id: "<ORDER_ID>") {
  # requirements, work master, and so on
  }
  testing: getTestResult(id: "<TEST_ID>") {
   # evaluation properties and tested objects
  }
}

query nestedTrackAndTrace {
  jobResponse: getJobResponse(id: "ds1d-batch-119-jr-fc-make-frosting") {
    id
    ## more fields about performance
    materialActual { ## repeat for other resources as needed
      id
      quantity
      testResults { ## test results for material
        id
      }
      ## More material fields
    }
    associated_order: jobOrder {
      id
      ## more planning fields
    }
  }
}

For more detail, refer to the complete example query.

Background: ISA-95 entities in a track-and-trace query

📝 For an introduction to ISA-95 and its terminology, read How to speak ISA-95.

The following lists detail the ISA-95 entities that you might need when querying the Rhize database for a track and trace. As always, your manufacturing needs and data-collection capabilities determine the exact data that is necessary. It is likely that some of the following fields are irrelevant for your particular use case.

Performance information

A job response represents a unit of performed work in a manufacturing operation. The job response typically forms the core of a track-and-trace query, as you can query it to obtain duration and all resource actuals involved in the job. A job response also may contain child job responses, as displayed in the following diagram:

An example of a job response with child job responses. The parent job has a material actual representing the final produced good. The child job responses also have their own properties that may be important to model. This is just one variation of many. ISA-95 is flexible and the best model always depends on your use case.

For a track and trace, some important job response properties and associations include the following:

Start and End times. When work started and how long it lasted.
Material Actuals. The quantities of material involved and how they are used: consumed, produced, tested, scrapped, and so on. Material actuals may also have associated lots for unique identification. Test results may be derived from samples of the actual.
Equipment Actuals. The real equipment used in a job, along with associated equipment properties and testing results.
Personnel actuals. The people involved in a job or test.
Process values. Associated process data and calculations.
Comments and Signatures. Additional input from operators.

Scheduling information

A track and trace report might also include information about the work that was demanded. The simplest relationship between performance and demand is the link between a job response and a job order. So your track and trace might include information about the order that initiated the response. Through this order you could also include higher-level scheduling information.

When adding order information, consider whether you need the following properties:

Scheduled start and end times. These might be compared to the real start and ends.
Material requirements. The material that corresponds to the material actuals in the performance. Requirements may include:
- Material to be produced, along with their scheduled quantities and units of measure
- Material to be consumed, along with their scheduled quantities and units of measure
- Any by-product material and scrap
Planned equipment. This can be compared to the real equipment used.
Work Directive. The dispatched version of the planned work. The directive may include:
- Specifications or a BoM (if the requirements are not in the order itself)
- Any relevant work master configuration (routing, process parameters like temperature, durations, and so on)

Quality information

Your track and trace also may record test results. These results provide context about the quality of the work produced in the job response.

Each resource actual can have a corresponding test result. For example:

The material actual and lot may record the sample.
The equipment actual may record test location.
Physical asset actuals may record instruments used for the test.
Personnel actuals may record who performed the test.

Example query

The following snippet is an example of how to pull a full track and trace from a single GraphQL query. To make the payload more explicit, each top-level object has an alias. This alias serves as the key for the object in the JSON payload.

query trackAndTrace {
  performance: getJobResponse(id: "ds1d-119-as") {
   # duration, actuals, and so on
  }
 planning: getJobOrder(id: "ds1d-119-jo-119-3") {
  # requirements, work directive, and so on
 }
 testing: getTestResult(id: "ds1d-119-tr-3") {
   # evaluation properties and tested objects
}

Variables

{
  "getJobResponseId": "ds1d-batch-119-jr-fc-make-frosting",
  "getJobOrderId": "ds1d-batch-jo-119",
  "getTestResultId": "ds1d-batch-tr-119"
}

Query


query trackAndTrace ($getJobResponseId: String $getJobOrderId: String $getTestResultId: String) {
  performance: getJobResponse(id:$getJobResponseId) {
    jobResponseId: id
    startDateTime
    endDateTime
    duration
    jobState
    workDirective {
      id
    }
    materialActual {
      id
      materialUse
      quantity
      quantityUoM {
        id
      }
      materialDefinition {
        id
      }
      materialLot {
        id
        materialDefinition {
          id
        }
      }
      materialSubLot {
        id
      }
      properties {
        id
      }
    }
    equipmentActual {
      id
      equipment {
        id
      }
      description
      children {
        id
      }
      properties {
        id
        value
        valueUnitOfMeasure {
          id
        }
      }
    }
    personnelActual {
      id
      
    }
  }
  
  planning: getJobOrder(id: $getJobOrderId) {
    orderId: id
    scheduledStartDateTime
    scheduledEndDateTime 
    materialRequirements { 
      id
      quantity
      quantityUoM {
        id
      }
    }
    equipmentRequirements {
      id
      equipment {
        id
      }
      
    }
    workMaster{
      id
      parameterSpecifications {
        id
        description
      }
    }
   
    }
 
 testing: getTestResult(id: $getTestResultId) {
    resultsId: id
    id
    evaluationDate
    expiration
    evaluationCriterionResult
    equipmentActual {
    id
    }
    materialActual {
    id
    materialUse  
    }
    physicalAsset {
    id 
    }
    equipmentActual {
      id
    }
   }


 }
 
}

The performance section of this query may return data that looks something like this. Note that every object does not necessarily have every requested field. In this example, only some material actuals have additional properties.

{
  "data": {
    "performance": {
      "id": "ds1d-batch-119-jr-fc-make-frosting",
      "startDateTime": "2024-09-23T23:22:25Z",
      "endDateTime": "2024-09-23T23:38:04.783Z",
      "duration": 939.783,
      "materialActual": [
        {
          "id": "ds1d-batch-fc-cookie-frosting-actual-119",
          "materialUse": "Produced",
          "quantity": 3499.46,
          "quantityUoM": {
            "id": "g"
          },
          "materialLot": [
            {
              "id": "ds1d-batch-fc-cookie-frosting-lot-119"
            }
          ],
          "materialSubLot": [],
          "properties": [
            {
              "id": "viscosity",
              "value": "0.1",
              "valueUnitOfMeasure": {
                "id": "mm2/s"
              }
            },
            {
              "id": "temperature",
              "value": "22",
              "valueUnitOfMeasure": {
                "id": "C"
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ds1d-batch-fc-butter-actual-119",
          "materialUse": "Consumed",
          "quantity": 1124.05,
          "quantityUoM": {
            "id": "g"
          },
          "materialLot": [
            {
              "id": "ds1d-batch-fc-butter-lot-119"
            }
          ],
          "materialSubLot": [],
          "properties": [
            {
              "id": "fat-percent",
              "value": "15",
              "valueUnitOfMeasure": null
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "ds1d-batch-fc-confectioner-sugar-actual-119",
          "materialUse": "Consumed",
          "quantity": 249.08,
          "quantityUoM": {
            "id": "g"
          },
          "materialLot": [
            {
              "id": "ds1d-batch-fc-confectioner-sugar-lot-119"
            }
          ],
          "materialSubLot": [],
          "properties": []
        },
        {
          "id": "ds1d-batch-fc-peanut-butter-actual-119",
          "materialUse": "Consumed",
          "quantity": 2249.63,
          "quantityUoM": {
            "id": "g"
          },
          "materialLot": [
            {
              "id": "ds1d-batch-fc-peanut-butter-lot-119"
            }
          ],
          "materialSubLot": [],
          "properties": []
        }
      ],
      "equipmentActual": [
        {
          "id": "ds1d-batch-kitchen-mixer-actual-119",
          "description": null,
          "children": [],
          "properties": []
        },
        {
          "id": "ds1d-batch-kitchen-actual-119",
          "description": null,
          "children": [],
          "properties": []
        }
      ],
      "personnelActual": [
        {
          "id": "ds1d-batch-fc-supervisor-actual-119"
        },
        {
          "id": "ds1d-batch-fc-handler-actual-119"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}